00:10 Good day, everyone!

00:16 My name is Mr. Ife

00:18 and I'm your basic science instructor.

00:21 Our lesson today is "Says, Water, and Rustam".

00:26 A quick round through the objectives.

00:30 At the end of the class, students should be able to explain the occurrence of water and the elements.

00:38 Students should be able to explain the decomposition of water.

00:43 Students should be able to define the terms, solute, colloids, solvent, and solutions.

00:52 Students should be able to explain the hardness of water, the causes, and the removal of the hardness of water.

01:01 Students should be able to state the properties, the types, and the uses of water.

01:14 Water, we all know that water is very important, and you are so familiar with water.

01:23 Water is an organic, which is not derived from living organisms.

01:31 That means you cannot derive water from living organisms.

01:34 However, water is transparent, since less, or the less,

01:41 and nearly colorless chemicals substance.

01:45 This is a physical property of water.

01:49 They are odorless, tasteless, and they are colorless,

01:56 which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all living organisms.

02:05 So water is embedded in the fluids of all living organisms.

02:10 It is vital for all known forms of life, even though it provides no colorless for organic nutrients.

02:21 So water does not consist of any colorless, but it is important for man to live.

02:30 Now, the formula for water.

02:38 Water consists of two major elements, hydrogen and oxygen,

02:47 and the chemical formula is H2O.

02:52 The boiling point for water is 100 degrees Celsius.

02:57 Now, when you boil your water in the kitchen, at the point where you begin to see bubbles,

03:04 that point it has measured up to 100 degrees Celsius,

03:10 that's the boiling point of water.

03:13 Now, the melting point of water.

03:17 Water melts at zero degree Celsius.

03:24 The elements in water are hydrogen and oxygen,

03:30 and the structure is H2O.

03:33 And they are existing in gaseous form.

03:36 It can exist in liquid form, and it can exist in the solid state.

03:43 Water can exist in liquid form.

03:46 It can exist in the solid state.

03:49 When you put water in the freezer, it freezes and takes the container, the shape of the container.

03:57 It can exist in the solid form, and also in the gaseous form.

04:03 When you boil your water, at the point at which it is boiling,

04:08 it evaporates and you begin to see something like steam.

04:13 At that point, gases are being emitted into the atmosphere.

04:18 If you leave the water and it continues to boil,

04:23 you will notice that there won't be any more water in the capsule or in the pot.

04:29 At that point, all the water is evaporated into the atmosphere.

04:34 So water can also come in the form of gas, solid, and liquid.

04:41 The liquid is the actual state of water.

04:47 It is important, it asks the important ability to dissolve many other substances.

04:57 Water can dissolve anything.

05:00 For instance, if you place chalk inside water,

05:04 water has the ability to dissolve the chalk and becomes a mixture of water and chalk.

05:13 It is used for transportation.

05:17 You would have same boats and sheep.

05:21 They move on water.

05:23 You can also use water for recreation.

05:27 At the barbage, people go there, they have fun in the swim.

05:32 And it can be used as an habitat for plant and animal.

05:38 In the sense that animals and plants use it as a place of abut.

05:50 Water molecules made up of two elements, hydrogen atom and oxygen atom.

06:03 From the picture you would see hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom.

06:14 A single oxygen atom contains six electrons.

06:19 If you count, you will notice that you are having its electrons.

06:28 A single oxygen atom contains six electrons in its outer shell,

06:34 which can hold a total of eight electrons.

06:38 When two hydrogen atoms are bound to an oxygen atom,

06:42 the outer electron shell of oxygen is filled.

06:49 Let's move to decomposition of water.

06:53 How do we decompose water?

06:56 I told you before, the main component of water is hydrogen and oxygen.

07:03 Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen.

07:11 Two elements, hydrogen and oxygen are together.

07:15 It forms water.

07:18 Now, I want to break them into, I want to break water into two.

07:22 Returning water back into two elements.

07:25 We use the process of electrolysis of water.

07:30 You will see in the picture two H to O.

07:35 Using electrolysis of water, it decompose into hydrogen and oxygen.

07:42 Types of water.

07:44 What are the types of water that we have?

07:48 We have add water and we also have soft water.

07:53 When the rain falls, it falls to the edge crust.

07:59 And when the water touches the edge crust,

08:03 it mixes with some other elements in the soil,

08:08 one of which is calcium, one of which is magnesium.

08:13 And when the water mixes with this component, it becomes add water.

08:20 And that water gets into your well and you use the pumpy machine to bring it into the tank.

08:28 And sometimes it is not always drinkable.

08:31 And you need to work, treat it by removing the calcium and the magnesium out of it so it can be drinkable.

08:38 Now, add water.

08:41 Add water is a water that contains an appreciable quantity of dissolved minerals.

08:48 Like calcium and magnesium, like I've said, when the rain falls, it mixes with those two elements.

08:55 Now, soft water.

08:57 Soft water is a treated water in which the only ion is sodium.

09:04 As rain water falls, it is naturally salt.

09:09 When the rain drops into your bucket, it is naturally soft.

09:13 But most times, the rain drops on the edge crust and it is mixed with other elements.

09:21 Causes of adenets of water.

09:25 The Causes of adenets of water.

09:29 Add water is water that adds eye mineral content.

09:34 When rain falls, it is naturally salt.

09:36 However, as water mixes its way through the ground and into our waterways, it speaks of minerals.

09:44 Like chalk, like lime.

09:46 And mostly calcium and magnesium, magnesium, and becomes our water.

09:52 Removal of adenets of water.

09:56 When you have our water, how do we remove?

10:00 How do we make it drinkable?

10:03 I've said before, the ad water consists of some elements that are mixed when the rain fall drops on the edge crust.

10:13 And they are mixed with calcium, magnesium, and setting other matter cut ions in ad water.

10:21 Now, one of the ways that we can use to remove adenets of water is lime softening.

10:30 Lime softening is the process in which lime is added to add water.

10:35 Lime contains an acidic content.

10:39 And when lime is added to that water, it dissolves those in pure substances and makes it drinkable for human.

10:50 It has several advantages over the ion exchange method.

10:56 Iron exchange method is another method that can be used.

11:01 But when you want to use it a domestic way, you use the lime softening.

11:07 Well, it is mainly suited to commercial treatment application.

11:15 Dissolation and rain water.

11:19 Dissolation and rain water.

11:22 Since calcium and magnesium,

11:33 since calcium and magnesium exists as non-volatile salts,

11:42 they can be removed by distilling the water.

11:47 Now, distillation is too expensive in most cases.

11:54 So, you would rather use a domestic method.

11:59 Now, rain water is soft because it is naturally distilled.

12:04 Rain water is naturally distilled.

12:07 And during the water cycle of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation,

12:12 precipitation is the process at which the rain drops or else stone.

12:19 You must have seen your geats or some ions that have undergone some chemical reaction.

12:28 If you look at the picture, you will notice that this picture has undergone the process of roasting.

12:39 The initial color of the ions has changed.

12:43 You will notice that some parts are black, some parts are white,

12:48 while some parts are golden in some color.

12:53 Now, this is the effect of roasting.

12:58 Now, roasting cannot take place without the mixture of water and oxygen.

13:05 So, roasting cannot occur without bott water and oxygen.

13:10 So, certain metals are exposed to oxygen and water for a length of time.

13:16 When you expose it to a number of times, it begins to roast.

13:25 During the initial stages of roasting, ion loses electrons and oxygen gains electron.

13:34 The oxygen will receive an electron, while the ion loses an electron.

13:40 The sum of all these chemical reactions makes the roast flick.

13:46 The roast flick is what comes out of the ion.

13:51 When you use your hand to touch the ion, the roast flick is that particle that comes out.

13:57 So, it falls off the ion and exposes the new ion.

14:03 Which can then also begin to roast.

14:06 So, the ion has stages.

14:09 So, once the first part is scraped off, the next one comes off.

14:16 And if that next layer is exposed to water and oxygen, it also begins to roast.

14:29 Definition of sometimes.

14:35 In a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance.

14:42 When the substance dissolved in a substance, it is called a solute.

14:50 Now, any substance that is dissolved in a liquid solvent to create a solution is called a solute.

14:58 Example is a chalk.

15:01 When a chalk is placed in a water, solutes is usually solid.

15:06 Now, when a solute is placed in a solvent, it dissolves.

15:13 So, solutes is solid. Why solutes is liquid?

15:23 Solvent. A liquid that dissolves is solid or another liquid or a gaseous solute.

15:34 However, this will result into a solution.

15:38 When the chalk is placed into a water, you have a chalk solution.

15:46 So, solvent, example of a solvent, is water.

15:52 Now, in the picture, you see an example of solute.

16:08 It is like a powdered form and a solvent, which is water.

16:16 Now, when this solute is mixed with the solvent, you have a solution.

16:30 A solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

16:41 An example that you have in the house is salt.

16:45 You place your salt in water, you mix it together with the spoon.

16:50 You will notice that the salt will mix with the water and it will be very transparent.

17:01 You will not be able to see the salt if mixed properly.

17:05 At that point, you not have a salt solution.

17:12 It cannot be seen with the naked eyes and cannot be separated by filtration.

17:19 Now, the salt solution, you cannot see the salt any longer.

17:24 And when you try to use the process of filtering, point the salt solution in a filter for them,

17:35 you will not be able to get the salt back.

17:45 Colloid. Colloid is a stable system of two phases, one of which is the sparse in the holder

17:54 and the form of a very small droplet or particles.

17:59 Take, for instance, the times that you mix your milk is in a powdered form.

18:07 When you mix it in cold water, you will notice that it will not dissolve well.

18:14 And at that point, you are having a colloid.

18:18 Colloid is a mixture in which one substance of microscopic dispersed insoluble particles

18:26 are suspended throughout another substance.

18:30 An example is the milk. You have the milk in the picture.

18:40 Users of water. What are the users of water?

18:45 Number one, water is used for transportation.

18:51 You have every, every product that are being transported through the ship.

18:58 And they use the means of water to transport this product into the land.

19:03 Number two, for drinking. Because water aids digestion,

19:08 the moment food gets to the saliva, the process of digestion begins.

19:13 You need water to push an aid digestion.

19:19 One of the importance of water in the body is that it prevents dehydration.

19:26 The sun takes water from the body through the process of dehydration.

19:33 So you need to replace the water back by drinking enough water.

19:38 And also, water removes body waste.

19:43 Number three, water is used for domestic purposes.

19:48 Such as cooking, beating and washing the clothes.

19:54 Number four, for recreation, such as the swimming pool,

20:00 you get to the beach, you have fun.

20:03 Number five, for keeping plants alive in gardens and parks,

20:08 you use water to wait and use as a source of irrigation

20:15 so that the plants can get enough water evaluation.

20:23 You are expected to explain the occurrence of water and the elements.

20:29 Number two, explain the decomposition of water.

20:35 Number three, define the terms solute, colloid, solvent and solution.

20:43 Number four, explain adnets of water, the causes and the removal of adnets of water.

20:52 And finally, you stage the properties, the types and the uses of water.

20:58 Thank you for watching.

21:00 I am Mistyfe.

21:02 Till next time.