00:02 Good day, everyone.

00:13 My name is Mr. Ife, the basic science instructor.

00:16 A lesson topic for today's says, Family Traits,

00:21 a quick round through the objective.

00:24 At the end of the class,

00:26 student should be able to define Family Traits.

00:29 Two, student should be able to differentiate

00:33 between dominant traits and recessive traits.

00:37 A tree, student should be able to state

00:41 the importance of family traits.

00:43 And finally, student should be able to draw

00:46 the family genealogy.

00:48 Definition of genetics.

00:49 Genetics is a scientific study of eredity

00:55 and the variation in living needs.

00:57 It's also the transfer of materials,

01:00 which lead to eredity and variation

01:03 or course during reproduction in living needs.

01:07 The husband and the wife meet

01:10 some certain character

01:14 are transferred into their offspring.

01:17 Some certain characters like pointed nose,

01:21 the course of the class,

01:23 you get to see more.

01:25 Now, meaning of eredity.

01:30 Eredity is a branch of genetics

01:32 which studies how children or offspring

01:35 take after their parents.

01:38 The definition of family traits.

01:39 Family traits can be defined

01:43 as transmissible character, characteristics,

01:47 which are passed from parents to their offspring.

01:51 Or children or progeny from one generation

01:55 to another through reproduction.

01:58 These character traits are only transferred

02:03 through reproduction.

02:05 You may have your air color as a date of your mother.

02:10 You can also have your eye color as that of your father.

02:16 We all have in irritated traits

02:20 that we share in common with others.

02:23 However, families share many traits in common

02:28 because parents pass down in irritated traits

02:31 to their children.

02:33 Yet, every person has a combination of traits

02:37 that is unique to them.

02:39 However, the modern science of genetics

02:44 which seeks to understand the process of inheritance

02:48 only began with the work of Gregor Mendel

02:52 in the mid-19th century.

02:55 Gregor Mendel is the first person

02:59 to delve into the study of genetics.

03:03 Our character and traits have been transferred

03:07 into their offspring into the child.

03:10 So Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics

03:14 because his work on genetics

03:17 formed the foundation for quantitative

03:20 and scientific study of genetics.

03:23 Now, examples of family traits.

03:29 What are the examples of family traits?

03:32 Number one, the color of the skin,

03:36 the complexion of the child is determined

03:40 by how they are the father or the mother.

03:42 Number two, height.

03:46 Soness or shortness.

03:48 Number three, the color of the heights.

03:51 The color of the head.

03:54 These are examples of traits.

03:57 Intelligence is another trait.

04:02 The shape of the nose, if the nose is pointed.

04:06 The blood group, our Benizim.

04:11 Benizim can also be transformed.

04:17 Either from the parent or the grandparents

04:19 or the great-grandparents.

04:21 So family traits, as a tree,

04:28 that can be used to trace an inherent character

04:33 from the great-grandparents down to the offspring.

04:39 It should be noted that the transmission of traits

04:45 from parents to offspring or children

04:48 only cannot be determined by the manifestation of these traits.

04:53 The environment itself plays a part in the radiative

04:59 in the nature while their environment is the natural.

05:04 So environment itself can also shape the traits

05:09 of a particular child.

05:11 For instance, if a child is intelligent,

05:15 the child is brilliant.

05:17 Cauting from the traits of the parents.

05:19 If a child is pleased in an environment

05:24 that will not allow him to exhibit his intelligency,

05:29 see, for instance, a corrupt environment.

05:32 The environment can help him not join him out of that trait.

05:37 So environment is another factor

05:39 that also notches the best in street.

05:42 Human male carotide.

05:45 This carotide of a human male shows the 23 PS of chromosome

05:52 that are typically present in human cell.

05:55 Can see the diagram there?

05:56 There are 23 PS of chromosome.

05:59 The chromosome PS,

06:01 labeled one through to 22, are called autosomes

06:06 and are the similar appearance in males and females.

06:10 So the chromosome that I in this picture

06:15 from one through to 22,

06:17 they are similar appearance in the male and the female.

06:20 The chewy tall pair is having X and Y from the image.

06:26 So the chewy tall pair shown on the bottom right

06:31 represent the sex chromosome.

06:33 The females have two identical looking sex chromosomes

06:38 that are both labeled X.

06:41 Whereas males have a single X chromosome

06:45 and a smaller chromosome labeled Y.

06:48 Now, let's move to dominant and recessive treats.

06:55 Dominant.

06:56 Dominant can be likened to control.

06:59 And the opposite of that dominant to be recessive

07:03 when we are talking about treats.

07:05 Now, what's the meaning of dominant treats?

07:08 A dominant treat can be defined as a treat

07:12 that is expressed in an offspring

07:15 when two individuals with contracting treats

07:19 or characteristics are crossed together.

07:23 As a procedure, we will see a crossed treat.

07:28 Now, dominant treats are controlled by dominant genes.

07:32 For instance, if the father is tall

07:37 and the father's gene, the father's gene is dominant,

07:42 then the offspring, the child, is most likely

07:46 to be 75% tall, if the father's gene is dominant.

07:51 Now, here you have the diagram here.

07:57 You have the capital E3C and C producing Ct.

08:02 You have the small E3C and the small E3C down here.

08:07 Producing Ct below.

08:10 The C here and the small E3C,

08:12 producing capital E3C and the small E3C.

08:15 Now, the meaning of recessive treats.

08:19 recessive treats can be defined as a treat

08:24 from parents which do not produce any effect

08:27 in the presence of dominant treats.

08:31 recessive treats do not produce effect.

08:35 The moment there are treats that are dominant,

08:38 the recessive treats is no effect.

08:41 So, recessive treats are controlled by recessive agents.

08:47 Now, both parents have to be carriers of recessive treats

08:53 in order for each child to express that treat.

08:57 For each child to express a treat,

08:59 a both parent must be a carrier of that recessive treat.

09:05 If both parents are carriers,

09:08 there is a 25% chance with each child

09:11 to show the recessive treats.

09:14 If both parents are carriers,

09:17 then the 25% chance with each child

09:21 to show the recessive treats.

09:23 Now, what are the importance of family treats?

09:27 Why are we stored in family treats?

09:30 A part of family treats cannot be emphasized

09:33 and so it is important it is possible

09:36 to predict treats to be expected in the offspring.

09:41 When a child is born,

09:43 a family treat can be used to predict a particular character

09:49 from the parent or from the current parent

09:53 can be predicted towards the offspring

09:57 before marriage is conducted between two individuals.

10:03 Family treats can be used to determine the intelligence

10:08 of individuality.

10:10 Right from the time of the grand parent

10:15 down to the life of the parent,

10:17 if they are born to be intelligent people,

10:19 it is obvious that the offspring

10:25 would also be what intelligent.

10:27 Number two,

10:29 determine or detects certain disease

10:33 that runs in the family.

10:34 Such a sickle cell anemia.

10:37 If one of the grand parents

10:41 has sickle cell anemia, chances are

10:44 that one of the offspring would also have sickle cell anemia.

10:49 Number three,

10:50 determine in particular who does each child resemble

10:55 in the family.

10:56 You can use family treats to determine

10:59 who a child resembles.

11:01 Number four, to determine the blood group

11:03 of an individual,

11:05 which could be A, B or O,

11:08 as you can see in the picture,

11:11 we have A positive, B positive,

11:12 A, B positive, O positive.

11:15 So family treats can be used to determine

11:19 what the offspring,

11:21 what the blood group of the offspring would be.

11:24 Number five,

11:25 can be used to trace the family genealogy.

11:27 The family genealogy of family tree

11:31 or pedigree are lines of generation

11:34 of parents and offspring,

11:36 which trace the descendants of a man and his wife.

11:41 So they are lines that traces

11:43 from a man and his wife towards the children.

11:47 Man with more than one wife

11:50 will have one family tree

11:53 for each of the wife.

11:55 When a man marries two wives,

11:58 the first wife will have a family tree,

12:00 the second one would have a family tree.

12:03 This is a diagram

12:06 of a maternal grandmother and father.

12:10 The parent grandmother and father

12:13 gives birth to the mother

12:17 and down to the child, which is me.

12:22 So this is a typical example of a family tree.

12:24 Evaluation,

12:27 you are expected to lose three family traits

12:33 that you know,

12:34 a differentiate between dominant traits

12:38 and recessive traits.

12:39 And finally,

12:42 stage the importance of family traits

12:45 and draw a family genealogy.

12:51 Thank you for watching.

12:52 I am Misty Fair.

12:54 Till next time.