00:02 Good day students.

00:12 My name is Modupe Kalejaye

00:14 I will take you English language.

00:17 On the aspect of writing,

00:18 we want to look at later writing.

00:21 I'll be concentrating on informal and formal later.

00:26 Now can you look at this?

00:29 I'm brainstorming for few seconds.

00:31 Read these two questions on the board

00:35 and tell me what type of letter they have.

00:38 You have just come back to school from a long holiday,

00:42 which is spent with your parents and the time.

00:45 Write a letter to your father or your mother,

00:47 thanking him or her for making your holiday

00:49 an interesting one.

00:50 And telling him more how your experience

00:53 and your way back to school.

00:54 What type of letter is that?

00:56 I want to believe from the JSS one,

00:58 you have been writing letters.

00:59 So you should know that.

01:01 And number two, write a letter to your school principal

01:04 about the bullying of a junior student

01:06 by senior students in a hostel.

01:09 What type of letter is that?

01:11 I suggest you know.

01:12 So let's go into the lesson proper.

01:14 What you must know in this lesson,

01:17 you identify the times and formats of letters

01:20 then you write different types of letters

01:23 to suit different situation.

01:25 Okay, what is letter writing?

01:29 Letter writing is a universal means

01:31 of written communication that involves

01:33 two people at separate points or distance.

01:37 And writer will express our mind, thoughts,

01:39 and intention in a written form

01:42 to a person who is expected to list them

01:44 by the way of reading the letter.

01:46 Now, you are in Nigeria.

01:49 You want to write to your friend in Abuja.

01:53 So you can see that there is a separate point or distance.

01:58 So you're in Nigeria, you want to write to your daddy

02:01 in the US or outside the country.

02:03 So you write to such a person.

02:06 So let's consider the two types of letter writing,

02:08 which is what?

02:09 Informa letter and formal letter.

02:11 So let's go.

02:12 Okay, let's start with informal letter.

02:16 Informa letter is a personal letter

02:19 written to a person very close to the writer.

02:22 Who are the people close to you?

02:25 Your father, your mother, your friends,

02:27 your uncle, close relatives.

02:30 Any letter you write to them is an informal letter.

02:33 It is also known as what a private letter.

02:37 So any letter you write to your classmates,

02:39 your nephew, your uncle, your auntie, your sons,

02:42 your daughter, your husband, your wife,

02:45 et cetera, it's an informal letter.

02:48 So what's the format?

02:49 What's the step?

02:50 The first thing you should write is the writer's address.

02:52 Your whole address, you writing the letter,

02:54 write your address by the right hand side.

02:59 Then followed by date, followed by salutation,

03:02 followed by your introduction,

03:04 followed by the body of letter,

03:06 which will be divided into paragraphs.

03:08 And your conclusion, then your concluding salutation

03:12 of closing remarks, then your name.

03:14 Only your name, don't put your son in.

03:17 Now number two, formal letter.

03:20 Forma letter is a letter written to somebody

03:23 with whom the writer has no personal relationship.

03:25 It is strictly an official letter.

03:27 And it is strictly in person.

03:29 For example, you want to write to the president of Nigeria.

03:33 You don't know president Mohamed Boirey.

03:37 So whatever you want to write must be what's official.

03:42 And you are no writing to Mohamed Boirey.

03:45 You are writing to the president

03:47 of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

03:49 If you write to the governor, you are

03:50 writing to the governor of legal states, not Sawardu.

03:55 So that's why it is strictly in--

03:58 I mean, it is strictly formal.

04:01 So for example, you want to write to the ex-minister.

04:04 You don't mention the person's name.

04:06 You are writing to the commissioner of health,

04:09 things like that.

04:10 So take note.

04:12 The formal letter is no hard dress

04:13 to the name of the person.

04:15 But the title or designation of the person,

04:18 is the president, vice-president, minister, governor,

04:22 chairman of the local government, commissioner of police,

04:25 school, and what principal.

04:27 Let's look at the formats or steps

04:29 to write the formal letter.

04:31 The first step is writers' address, your own address.

04:35 On the right hand side of your book,

04:37 then followed by the dates, followed

04:39 by the recipient address.

04:42 The organization or the office you are writing to

04:46 is your recipient address.

04:47 Like I said earlier, you don't say Moamette-Bohari,

04:52 you see the president, Federal Republic of Nigeria,

04:57 Harbuja, Secretariat, Nigeria.

05:01 So you get it.

05:03 So then your salutation, which is that desa or man.

05:06 Then your title or editing, your introduction,

05:11 body of the letter.

05:12 In your introduction, remember that the passing is not

05:15 somebody you have a relationship with.

05:18 So I don't expect it to say, how are you?

05:21 How was your night?

05:22 I don't expect such strictly and impersonal letter.

05:29 Then body of the letter, which you divide into paragraphs,

05:32 then conclusion, then your concluding salutation.

05:35 For formal letter, strictly, you're straightforward.

05:38 Nothing more.

05:40 You're straightforward.

05:40 Then your signature.

05:42 Then your full name, your son name, and your name

05:46 is very, very important.

05:49 So with these features or with these formats,

05:52 you should be able to differentiate between an informal letter

05:57 and a formal letter.

06:00 So you use a format, use some test-based call it features.

06:04 You use it to differentiate an informal letter

06:07 and also word a formal letter.

06:09 Now let's look at examples of a formal letter.

06:12 A letter to the head of a government,

06:15 organizational institution, such as a vice chancellor,

06:18 a rectal or a principal.

06:20 A letter to the head of a corporate director.

06:23 A letter to a newspaper magazine editor.

06:26 A letter of application for jail.

06:29 A letter for commercial transaction,

06:32 purchase of sales of goods, and services.

06:35 So let's look at the formats of an informal letter.

06:40 Now look at my instruction on the slide.

06:43 Don't write your address this way.

06:45 Your address must be properly organized.

06:49 So sketching your address like this is not,

06:53 is not as an examiner, is called zero.

06:58 Now if you can use this indented format, fine.

07:01 If you can arrange it, you can write it this way.

07:04 This is an indented format you can see.

07:07 Now you can also write your address this way.

07:09 Look at it. Everything is straight.

07:11 If you cannot use the indented formats,

07:13 then use this format.

07:15 You can see it's on the slide.

07:17 Look at my comma, comma, fusto.

07:20 Methodist guest high school, comma, boniccia, comma,

07:24 unambustite.

07:25 At the end of your address, you put it fusto.

07:27 Look at the date format also.

07:29 Then look at my solution, my demo.

07:32 Use, make sure you use your punctuation mask

07:35 correctly, comma.

07:37 How are you and Judy?

07:38 Question mark.

07:39 How are you getting on at your walk

07:41 after your long leave, comma?

07:43 I know you must have a lot of work on your table.

07:46 Do take it easy.

07:47 You can see that.

07:48 I'm writing to thank you for making my holiday

07:52 and interesting and wonderful one.

07:54 And also to tell you my experience

07:55 on my way back to school, mom, comma.

07:58 I can't thank you for making a holiday a great one.

08:02 You did everything the way that used to do

08:05 when it was alive.

08:06 He must surely be happy, happy right there in heaven.

08:10 Knowing that you are still taking good care of us

08:12 and it's our thing.

08:13 This is an introduction aspect of the letter.

08:18 So it shows that there is a relationship between the daughter

08:23 and the mother.

08:24 So you can see that and you can read through

08:26 to go into details.

08:29 This is a continuation.

08:30 You can see a Lincoln word, our heaven.

08:35 You can see.

08:35 So look at the closing remark.

08:40 You're sincerely cutting.

08:44 No need of sewing.

08:45 She's writing to our mother.

08:46 So there is no any other cutting, except her.

08:49 So this is a personal letter.

08:52 So let's look at the format.

08:55 It's well written sample of the format letter.

08:57 So the writers are dressed,

09:00 cringes, collage, sabuya, bolugos.

09:03 Look at the dates.

09:04 Then the recipients are dressed.

09:06 You can see the principal.

09:08 Probably the name of the principal is Mr. Koli,

09:12 you don't say Mr. Koli, you should know.

09:15 You're writing to the office.

09:16 You're not writing to the person

09:17 because it's not a personal letter.

09:20 So the principal, cringes, collage, legos.

09:23 Then your salutation, desa.

09:26 Look at the way I wrote the title.

09:28 A report on a case of bullying.

09:31 From the question you bring out your title.

09:34 Now I use the title case that is one of the lining

09:36 or use all three capital letters

09:38 you don't need to own the line.

09:40 Then you start your letter.

09:42 You can see there's nothing in person as they.

09:44 There's nothing in person as they.

09:45 I'd like to bring to your notice

09:49 a report on bullying of Virginia students.

09:52 Hadlu Uruwamui wa in JSS 2A,

09:56 by a senior student, additional Isaac,

09:59 on Tuesday tense.

10:00 That first paragraph already summarized,

10:02 what's the writer wants to write about.

10:05 And that is the way your introduction should be like.

10:08 Then you can reach through to see and continuation.

10:12 Then conclusion.

10:14 Yours faithfully.

10:16 At that space, you are saying that

10:19 you're putting your signature.

10:21 Then your full name, piles, or careful.

10:25 Then who are you?

10:26 The senior, perfect.

10:29 So what examiner looks for in an essay writing?

10:34 Letter writing is part of an essay writing.

10:37 So when you are writing, put these four things in mind.

10:40 Your organization, your content, your expression,

10:44 and your mechanical accuracy.

10:46 I just want to give you these things.

10:47 I'll quickly run through it.

10:49 Just for you to have the idea of what your examiners

10:53 are looking for when you write in an exam.

10:57 Your organization takes 10 months.

10:59 At the senior second is level.

11:01 I know it's 15 months.

11:02 Maybe at the junior is 25 months or so.

11:05 So let's take a standard of 15 months.

11:08 Organization takes 10 months.

11:10 Content takes 10 months.

11:11 Your expression takes 20 months.

11:13 And your mechanical accuracy takes 10 months.

11:16 Then you have to me.

11:17 What does organization and what does content mean?

11:20 What does expression mean?

11:21 What does mechanical accuracy mean?

11:23 Let's run through that.

11:24 Now, organization.

11:27 Under this featured examiner,

11:29 we assess your ability to write well-organized letter.

11:33 That is, well-written addresses,

11:34 salutations, title, if necessary,

11:37 proper arrangement of your paragraphs

11:39 and the concluding salutations.

11:41 Please don't take it for a joke.

11:43 It's very, very important to you.

11:45 Organize all these areas very, very, very.

11:47 Organize your address very, very well.

11:49 I've shown you how to write a good address

11:52 for much write and address in your letter.

11:55 Please don't joke with it.

11:56 Write very well.

11:58 Then your salutations, your title,

12:01 proper arrangement of your paragraphs

12:02 and your concluding salutations.

12:04 Please, in an informal letter,

12:06 don't use your faithfully.

12:10 Please, in a formal letter strictly,

12:13 you use your faithfully.

12:14 Now, the content.

12:16 The examiner, we assess your ability to write

12:19 on the topic you have been asked to write on.

12:21 Please read your question all over and all over again

12:25 to ensure that you understand

12:27 what the examiner asks you to write

12:29 or what your teacher asks you to write.

12:32 For example, you are asked to write on

12:35 the causes and the effects of COVID-19.

12:39 Please don't just write on the causes

12:41 they don't live in out the effect.

12:44 It's very, very important to take note.

12:46 Your expression, your examiner wants to see

12:50 the good control of English,

12:54 application of figurative expression,

12:56 excellent use of punctuation marks

12:58 and their appropriate use of weights.

13:00 Don't use the word you don't know the meaning.

13:03 Please write based on what you can explain.

13:07 Then mechanical accuracy.

13:08 The examiner, we assess your spelling,

13:10 mistakes, your penetration marks,

13:13 tensed zero, grammatical mistakes

13:15 and wrong views of words and expression.

13:18 Each mistake is minus half mark.

13:19 So very, very, be careful of your spelling,

13:23 your punctuation marks, your tensed arrow, please.

13:27 And that's why it's always good to write a first draft.

13:29 You prove this, then you write your final draft.

13:31 Then now, can you try this?

13:36 I'm giving you this because if you can point out

13:39 mistakes in a badly written sample,

13:42 then it will help you not to make such a mistakes.

13:44 So you're going to do this yourself.

13:46 There are lots of errors and this letter.

13:48 From here, you can see that it's a formal letter.

13:52 So, lots of errors.

13:55 I'm giving you an hint of the errors.

13:58 This is an error, you're sincerely in a formal letter.

14:01 It's wrong.

14:02 So you try to correct all the errors you can see.

14:05 I'm giving you an hint.

14:06 Check out for the following errors.

14:08 Lack of details, punctuation marks,

14:11 weak expression, capitalization.

14:13 You know, whenever you are writing your composition,

14:16 essay, or letter writing,

14:18 your propanance should be the first letter

14:23 should be in capital letter.

14:25 You want to write the name of a person.

14:27 So don't write it in small letter.

14:28 Nigeria, small letter, hand.

14:31 You're excited to write capital.

14:33 At the beginning of the same thing,

14:35 you're excited to write, starting using it.

14:37 So your capitalization is very, very important.

14:41 Wrong gives of pronouns, your chances,

14:43 and your spelling errors.

14:44 So look at that in that badly written essay

14:46 and try to correct it.

14:48 That would help you also not to make such a mistake

14:51 when you are writing.

14:52 And you have a lot of questions to practice on here.

14:54 I'm giving you one to four questions,

14:56 two informal letter and two formal letter.

15:00 So this helps you to practice on how to write

15:03 an informal letter and a formal letter.

15:06 Try doing this assignment to prepare you

15:08 ahead of our next class.

15:10 What is summary writing?

15:12 Explain how to summarize a passage.

15:14 Thank you for watching.

15:16 My name is Modupe to the next class.