00:10 Good day, everyone.

00:16 My name is Shoaga Emmanuel,

00:18 I will be your government teacher.

00:20 I will be taking you on a topic titled pre-colonial administration.

00:25 Now, first and foremost, we're going to be looking at the lesson of objectives,

00:32 and those things we need to know about the pre-colonial administration.

00:36 Now, we're going to look at the describe the system of government

00:39 of Ausa, Fulani, Ibo, and Yoluba in the pre-colonial administration days.

00:44 Now, we'll look at discuss their structure of government,

00:48 then explain the rules of component of their respective structures.

00:54 Then we'll look at compare the different pre-colonial administration.

00:56 Now, these are the things we're going to look at.

00:58 Now, how are we able to put things together in terms of our structure,

01:03 being laid by the Yoluba, the Ausa/Fulani, as well as the Ibo?

01:09 Now, how are they able to come together to be able to govern the people?

01:13 Now, what are those measures that we're put together by them,

01:16 so as to have free system of government?

01:21 Now, we'll look at pre-colonial administration in Yoluba.

01:24 Now, in this discussion of the pre-colonial administration,

01:29 in Yoluba, we shall use all your empire as a case study.

01:33 Now, the system of government of the old empire in the period before

01:37 1800 was like most other kingdoms and empires that existed in Africa.

01:44 Now, the kingdom of all your empire was used as a case study.

01:48 Now, on how they were able to govern the people at that particular time.

01:54 Now, including the chiefs and the rest of them,

01:58 and how are they able to put decisions together so that the people can work

02:02 and be governed and so as to also hear the problems of the people,

02:06 and how they are able to solve their problems,

02:08 in order for them to work in unity.

02:11 Now, it was a monarchica in nature,

02:16 based on the not too easy to run,

02:18 the principle of checks and balances.

02:20 Now, when they say it is monarchica,

02:22 now, monarchica is a system of government

02:25 under the relationship of king, queen or queen.

02:28 Now, the person who is called,

02:31 who practiced a monarchica system of government

02:34 is refers to us a monarch.

02:36 Now, a monarch presides over decision making.

02:39 Now, the monarch can be absolute.

02:41 It can be absolute monarch.

02:43 It can be constitutional monarch.

02:45 Now, if it's absolute monarch, it means that the empire,

02:48 the queen or the king has an unlimited power.

02:54 Now, why the constitutional monarchic has a limited power?

02:56 Now, these are the measures they were able to put together,

02:59 just for them to take decisions

03:01 and how can the decisions be made more?

03:04 Like in the United Kingdom,

03:05 which is added by Queen Elizabeth II.

03:08 Queen Elizabeth II is what is a monarch.

03:10 Because she is a monarch,

03:12 it means that all authorities comes from her.

03:15 And if authority comes from her,

03:16 it means that the authority must be at the center.

03:19 And every citizen of that particular state must make sure that

03:22 they had air or the concord to the rules and regulations.

03:27 Now, this system was based on the principle of inheritance,

03:30 known as patrillin, patrillinality.

03:33 Now, the principle of inheritance

03:34 means that whenever a monarch dies,

03:36 there is no need of election.

03:38 There will not be need of election.

03:40 That means election will not take place.

03:42 That means it is the blood of the person.

03:44 Either the person's son or the person's daughter

03:47 will have to take over the kingdom.

03:49 That's why some certain countries,

03:51 or some countries,

03:52 they practice a monarchic system of government

03:55 because they don't want any election to take place.

03:57 And if there won't be elections in this hour,

04:00 the person immediate son or immediate brother

04:03 or immediate daughter will have to take over the kingdom.

04:08 Now, the governments of the empire

04:09 thrived along four major organs.

04:12 They acted as a check on each other.

04:14 Now, those people act as a check on each other.

04:17 Now, the checks, that is where we have the checks and balances.

04:20 However, they have to check the excesses of their power.

04:23 Now, how can excesses of the power be checked?

04:25 That means it must be checked accordingly.

04:27 Whether this person is performing its duty

04:29 or whether this other person is also performing.

04:31 Now, if the person is not performing,

04:33 it means that the other person will have to sit right

04:35 that before the case will be known to the member.

04:37 And if the case will be known to the member,

04:39 the disability learning action will be taking immediately.

04:42 Now, pre-colonial administration in Aosas,

04:46 large Fulani lacked.

04:47 Now, we look at prior to the jihad or the Holy war of 1804,

04:51 the territory no now known

04:54 as not as the state of Nigeria was ruled by the Aosas

04:57 under 14 independent kingdoms.

04:59 Now, the defeat of the Aosas in the Holy war

05:02 by the Fulani's under the able leadership of a great Muslim

05:05 leader called Ottoman Dafodil,

05:07 led to the abolition of the Aosas kingdoms

05:10 and the establishment of the Fulani Empire.

05:12 Now, Ottoman Dafodil was known to be a great person.

05:16 Now, it was what abolished the Aosas kingdom

05:19 and the rest of them.

05:20 Now, because he did that,

05:22 because he wanted to attain a particular power.

05:25 Now, by attending that particular power,

05:27 you could see that he was able to abolish so many things.

05:30 Now, abolishing so many things means that

05:32 he exercised his power over all the components states.

05:36 Now, for him to be the presiding president.

05:41 Now, each Emirates, Emirates were added by an Emir.

05:45 Shukoto and Guadu were appointed either directly

05:48 by the Emirates of Shukoto or Guadu.

05:51 Or these Emirates paid allegiance

05:54 and unwattributes to the two Emirates of Shukoto and Guadu.

05:57 Now, these people paid homage to them.

06:00 They paid tribute to them.

06:02 Because these are people that are forced

06:06 for the Aosas and the Fulani's

06:09 and making sure that what they can have

06:11 their own particular government.

06:13 Now, pre-colonial administration in Ebola.

06:16 The Ebola's on like the Europa

06:19 and the Fulani had a complex,

06:21 complicated system of administration.

06:24 In pre-colonial era,

06:26 there was no sort of central authority

06:28 where the ad was no sort of central authority.

06:30 Where the ad was a default of political authority

06:33 into different groups.

06:34 Now, because the ebos,

06:36 they don't want to have a central

06:38 or governmental authority whereby

06:39 one person will also always preside decision for them.

06:43 What they did was to diffuse their political authority

06:46 into different groups.

06:47 Now, other than that means they were split

06:49 into different segments, into different areas.

06:52 So that decisions can come from different areas.

06:55 Now, this person can bring his own opinion.

06:57 This person can also bring his own opinion.

06:59 Why the other person can also bring his own opinion?

07:03 Now, if those things are put together,

07:04 it automatically means that they will have to look at it

07:07 before the rightful decisions will be taken.

07:10 Now, these groups that shared political authority

07:14 included the village elders,

07:17 the age grids, the also tied to elders,

07:20 the offer tied to elders,

07:22 the diviners, etc.

07:23 Now, these are the people that would

07:25 their preside or shared political power.

07:28 Now, they shared political power among themselves

07:31 and also pass it to the subordinate.

07:33 Now, these powers are shared just because of what?

07:36 Because they were the ruling,

07:38 they were the one who were ruling

07:40 at that particular moment.

07:42 And the powers are shared to different sectors.

07:45 Now, this is the main reason.

07:46 Why Ebo-Police Group Organization?

07:48 In the public law, it was described as Assefalos.

07:51 Now, it was described as Assefalos

07:53 because the powers were what they were diffuse.

07:56 They were a division of power.

07:58 And a division of power for them to work

07:59 to set up their different political units.

08:03 And all these things were put together.

08:05 Now, that's where I could see the award.

08:06 The decisions were not made by one person.

08:08 The decisions were made by different people.

08:11 Now, after the award, after the opinion,

08:12 after seeking different opinions,

08:15 then before they arrived at a particular conclusion.

08:19 Now, pro-colonial political system

08:20 looked at structural or pro-colonial governments.

08:23 Now, the structure of pro-colonial government

08:25 talks about how were they able to structure

08:28 their government, what are those things

08:30 they were able to put together just for them to achieve their aim.

08:34 Now, pro-colonial political system

08:35 are the types of traditional governments.

08:37 That existed before the advent of colonialism in Nigeria.

08:41 Now, pro-colonial political system

08:42 are the government based on the customs

08:44 and conversions of the indigenous people of Nigeria.

08:47 Now, that's what we call pro-colonial.

08:49 The advent of what of customs

08:51 are conversion of the indigenous people of Nigeria.

08:54 Now, the indigenous people are those people

08:56 that were called indigenous of that particular land.

08:59 Now, the indigenous of that particular land

09:01 because they are the son of the son of the land.

09:03 They understand what it takes to work,

09:06 to be the son of the land.

09:07 As I can see, they move it from one stage to another.

09:13 Now, pro-colonial culture, during the elite period,

09:15 thousand years ago,

09:17 the elite Filipinos were composed of different groups

09:20 that came from different parts of Asia.

09:23 With different groups, they were formed,

09:26 they formed their own community system

09:28 of education and religious belief.

09:30 Now, these are people, they shifted from one aspect

09:33 of areas to another.

09:34 Now, what they did is to work is to form their own belief.

09:37 They were not going to follow this way.

09:39 Now, we will form our own political belief,

09:42 our educational system.

09:43 Now, this is the way to follow,

09:44 so that some citizens that they are taking

09:46 alongside will also follow their own ways.

09:50 Now, the pro-colonial era,

09:52 in what later became known as Nigeria,

09:54 witnessed elaborate system of governments

09:56 in both the North and the West,

09:58 more especially in the former.

10:00 The period of 1914 to 1922 witnessed

10:03 the development of representation governments in Nigeria.

10:06 Now, Nigeria, even though they were considered

10:10 considerable limitations to it.

10:11 Now, because of this,

10:12 now, there are limitations to some of all audiences that were,

10:15 they are put in place.

10:17 Now, they have to look at how it was elaborated,

10:20 how it was splitted into different areas.

10:23 Now, because it was splitted into different areas,

10:26 from 1914 to 1922,

10:29 now, they state up their own problems.

10:31 Now, they state face their own problems,

10:33 their limitations, because they were not able to,

10:36 to work, it was not able to suit every,

10:39 every members of every citizens.

10:42 Now, roles of the respective component of their structures.

10:45 Now, what are the roles they were able to perform?

10:48 Now, we look at the roles of the respective component

10:50 as stated below.

10:52 One, they acted as the supreme rulers of the various community.

10:55 Yes, they acted as the supreme.

10:57 Now, they were the supreme rulers,

10:59 because they issued a decrease.

11:01 And they decreased, they were issuing a mean that word.

11:03 Decisions are taking at the top authority.

11:06 Because decisions are taking at the top authority,

11:08 means that what every members must strictly adhere to it.

11:13 Now, they perform religious function

11:14 as the eye priest of all religious court.

11:16 Yeah, they are, they perform religious function.

11:19 Now, because they are the head,

11:20 the age, graders, and the rest of the chiefs,

11:22 and the rest of them, they were, they fought,

11:24 they always, they, the form has been

11:26 were the eye priest of all religious court.

11:28 Now, because the orders, orders were taken by them.

11:31 Now, because orders were taken by them,

11:33 it automatically means that what every religious court

11:36 were added by what by someone.

11:39 Now, they perform legislative function of law,

11:41 make it illegal, yes, they make laws.

11:43 Because they were, they are traditional rulers,

11:45 they are decision makers, they perform law.

11:48 Now, the law already then were not checked.

11:51 Now, because the law already were not checked

11:53 by other members, it was only restricted to people,

11:57 to the people who were among the political units.

12:00 They were the one that says that they, they, they, they,

12:02 they, they, they, they, they, they, they, they, they were able

12:03 to work, approve those laws.

12:05 Now, these are the ways people must follow.

12:08 Now, they ensure the defense of their community.

12:10 Now, they make sure that what they protect,

12:12 they are community, people who lives in that community

12:14 against external attack or against external,

12:18 external force.

12:19 That they want to pull down the, the community

12:22 or that they want to affect the people

12:23 who lives in the community.

12:25 They control commerce and trade in their various

12:27 community.

12:28 Yeah, they control the buying, the act of buying and selling.

12:30 Now, the act of buying and selling is as a result

12:33 of the decision taken by these traditional rulers.

12:36 Now, because if, if a particular community needs

12:39 the, the traditional rulers, the chiefs and the rest

12:41 of them will be the one to, to dictate.

12:44 Although, they will be the one to say, okay, we need,

12:46 we need this particular thing in our area.

12:49 Then it is, no, if there will be a negotiation

12:51 between them and those people who are selling it.

12:54 Now, they perform judicial functions of yelling

12:56 at peace from lower groups.

12:58 Yeah, they perform judicial functions.

13:00 Are they, they perform judicial functions?

13:01 It's as a result of what they want to hear

13:04 what the other people have to say.

13:06 Now, for them to be able to determine what to do,

13:08 whether to work to punish the law breakers,

13:11 if the law breakers are not punished,

13:12 it means that what, everything, every protocol

13:16 must be followed, must be duly observed

13:18 before decisions are taken.

13:20 Now, the council, deliberated on all matters

13:23 relating to the general administration of this community.

13:25 Yeah, the council of eddas, they have to, they were,

13:28 they sat together just to deliberate on all matters.

13:31 Now, all matters in the sense that what,

13:33 now, the matter are, are stretching what they need to do.

13:36 Now, how to, how to upgrade their way of political,

13:40 political activities in the community.

13:43 Now, they perform the function of checks and balances

13:45 on the other agas of traditional asylum.

13:47 Yes, they perform, like I said earlier,

13:49 there's a need to check the impalence

13:52 every arms of government.

13:53 There's a need to work to, to check every arms of government.

13:56 Now, every arms of government were checked

13:58 based on the way the teams were being wrong.

14:01 Now, they ensure peaceful society

14:04 by maintaining law and order.

14:06 Now, I didn't mean this, this society,

14:08 because they are what, they are decision makers.

14:10 Now, if they have to obey the law,

14:12 they make sure that what all citizens complied to the law.

14:15 Or to the decree issued by the traditional arrivals.

14:19 Now, every members was strictly at the end

14:22 to the laws of the land.

14:24 Now, they were looked upon as a fountain of honors.

14:28 And therefore, they conferred titles and honors

14:30 on all deserving members of the community.

14:32 Yes, they were looked upon as a fountain of honors.

14:35 Now, anybody that would obey the rules and regulations

14:38 will also be worked, will also be honored

14:40 and will also be given titles for obeying the laws of the land.

14:45 Now, we look at comparison.

14:48 The comparison of our self-fulerny

14:50 pre-colonial political system

14:51 with evil traditional political system.

14:54 Now, number one, the our self-fulerny political emerald

14:57 was a monarchy card, added by the king.

14:59 Why the evil traditional political system

15:01 was a Republican, added by the king?

15:03 Now, we have two, two different things.

15:06 It was a monarchy card, added by the king.

15:08 Why the evil is a traditional political system

15:12 was a Republican, a Republican government

15:14 is different from what a monarchy card government.

15:17 Now, a Republican government is the government

15:20 of the people like it is quite synonymous

15:22 to the democratic system.

15:24 Now, why a monarchy card system of government

15:26 is an energy-treat system of government

15:29 under the relationship of a monarchy or queen or emperor?

15:34 Then in the Emirates, political power

15:36 was exercised by the Emirates.

15:38 And it's the council of advisor while in evil.

15:40 Political system power was exercised

15:43 by the council of edas by consensual.

15:45 Now, the council of edas, because they make laws

15:48 and what they want, they exercise powers.

15:51 They exercise their powers and authority

15:53 over all other people.

15:57 Now, exercising powers means that what they were not too,

16:00 they were not too harsh or too strict or the citizens.

16:02 And all they needed, the citizens just to comply

16:05 to what they have said so that they can enjoy

16:07 the government in power.

16:09 Now, the arousal of a full army political emulates

16:11 was centralized.

16:12 Why the evil political was decentralized?

16:14 Now, these are two words, words are no percent.

16:17 Now, one was centralized because it is a unitary system

16:20 of government because all powers,

16:21 all government powers reside in the Emirates

16:24 and powers are located at the center.

16:26 Why the evil were decentralized?

16:28 Now, decentralization means that what powers

16:31 were shaped to different arms of political units

16:34 or to different arms of government?

16:36 Whereby, decisions were not taken only by one person.

16:39 Now, as people afterwards, add their opinions

16:41 and after adding their opinions,

16:43 it means that what they would not conclude

16:44 and before the decisions will be taken.

16:47 Now, the democratic system or Islamic laws

16:50 and customary laws were used in arousal

16:53 full army political system using customary laws only.

16:56 Now, the democratic system of government

16:59 is a system of government that is ruled control by a priest.

17:02 Now, when a system of government is controlled by a priest,

17:05 it means that what it has to go through

17:07 what we call the customary law.

17:09 Now, the customary law would be where they would now decide,

17:12 where they would now decide on what,

17:14 on the decision making by the world, by the person.

17:17 Now, in arousal full army political system,

17:20 there was taxation.

17:20 Why the evil political system?

17:21 There was no taxation.

17:22 Yes, in arousal attack, there was what we call taxation.

17:26 Now, when they were able to raise money,

17:29 just to meet with what their plans they have,

17:32 when they in evil political system, there was no taxation.

17:36 Now, the institution of edge-grade system

17:38 was recognized by the evil traditional political system.

17:41 Why the arousal sludge, full army traditional police

17:43 where they did not?

17:44 Now, the institution of all edge-grade was recognized,

17:47 but yes, because when these were established

17:49 by what by the traditional rulers

17:51 and the traditional rulers have given them power,

17:54 these are what they need there to be known.

17:56 It means that they were recognized

17:57 why the other ones were not recognized.

18:00 Now, in arousal political emulator,

18:01 the legislative functions performed by the AMIA and Wisconsin,

18:04 while in evil political system,

18:06 law-making functions were performed

18:08 by the council of edges and the general assembly.

18:11 Now, the law-making functions were performed

18:13 by the council of edges, then the other ones,

18:16 the other ones were performed by the general assembly

18:19 in the work in the cabinet.

18:21 Evaluation.

18:22 Number one, describe the system of governments

18:25 in arousal full army and you're about pre-colonial days.

18:28 Number two, show the system differences

18:31 as similarities of pre-colonial governments.

18:35 Number three, discuss the roles of components

18:37 of their respective governments.

18:40 Thank you for watching.

18:41 My name is Shua Gaya Manuel.

18:43 See you with me next time.

18:45 (upbeat music)