00:02 Good day, everyone.

00:15 My name is Eberechi Nwaeze

00:16 and welcome to Civic Education class.

00:18 Today, we'll be looking at citizenship education.

00:22 At the end of this class,

00:24 you'll be able to define and explain citizenship.

00:28 You'll also be able to explain the meaning and goals

00:31 of citizenship education.

00:32 Be able to identify laws and rights of individuals.

00:36 Be able to mention and explain the structure

00:39 and functions of government.

00:41 Be able to define nationality.

00:43 Be able to identify at least five local

00:45 or word civic problem.

00:48 And lastly, be able to enumerate the nationalistic rules

00:51 of individuals and groups.

00:54 So now we're going to our lesson.

00:56 First, we want to be looking at the meaning of citizenship.

01:00 Citizenship may be defined as a person

01:02 legally accepted by a country as belonging to it.

01:07 What is the definition is saying is a citizen,

01:10 is a person who is legally accepted,

01:13 legally approved as a member of that society.

01:18 Such a person is entitled to certain rights

01:21 and privileges also obligations.

01:24 So every citizen of his state,

01:27 citizens of Nigeria, citizens of other countries,

01:30 are entitled to certain rights and privileges

01:33 and also obligations.

01:35 The issue of citizenship can be traced to the origin

01:41 of nation states in the 19th century.

01:45 Prior to the origin of nation state,

01:46 I prior to the modern state that we have,

01:49 I prior to when Nigeria became Nigeria,

01:51 the United States of America and other states

01:54 in the world.

01:55 First of this time, we had empires and kingdom.

01:57 And in that era, we see that people

02:00 enjoy certain rights and privileges,

02:02 where the nobles, the educated, the rich, the elites.

02:07 But in our modern states, for example, in Nigeria today,

02:10 the poor, the rich, the elites, the illiterate,

02:14 the uneducated, the educated,

02:16 every member of the society enjoys the same rights

02:21 and privileges.

02:25 Now, I want to look at types of citizenship.

02:28 In some texts, types of citizenship

02:30 is referred to as acquisition of citizenship.

02:33 And in order as it is referred to as

02:35 qualification of citizenship.

02:37 However, whatever subtopic you come across,

02:40 know that what is very far to is ways through which

02:43 or measure through which the person can become

02:46 a citizen of a country.

02:48 First, I want to look at citizenship by birth.

02:52 From the word citizenship by birth,

02:55 you know that a person can acquire citizenship through birth.

03:00 This citizenship may be controlled

03:02 on a person born within the borders of a country.

03:05 For example, I am born in Nigeria.

03:08 I am automatically considered as a citizen of Nigeria,

03:12 irrespective of the origin of my parents.

03:15 Another example is I have a parents who are Nigerians,

03:19 but I was born in the United States of America.

03:22 I was a citizen of the United States of America by birth.

03:26 Countries that conferred this type of citizenship,

03:28 that citizenship by birth includes the United States of America,

03:33 as USA, Britain, and Ghana amongst others.

03:38 I also want to look at citizenship by descent.

03:42 (speaking in foreign language)

03:47 A person may acquire citizenship through this method

03:49 based on the nationality of their parents.

03:52 An example, my parents are Nigerians.

03:55 I am automatically considered as a citizen of Nigeria.

03:59 But we want to ask a question in a situation whereby

04:01 the parents are Nigerians, but the child was born

04:05 in the United Kingdom, but the child still be a citizen

04:08 of Nigeria.

04:09 The answer is yes, and citizenship by descent.

04:13 The child despite having the USA as a birth country,

04:17 or being a citizen of the USA,

04:19 is automatically considered as a Nigerian,

04:21 when the parents of that child is Nigerians.

04:26 Again, citizenship by marriage or registration.

04:32 Citizenship may be acquired in the connection with marriage.

04:36 Many countries permit non-citizen spouse of their country

04:40 to apply to be registered as citizens.

04:44 What is the saying in answer is that.

04:46 For example, I am a Nigerian, and I get married to an American.

04:52 Once I get married to an American,

04:54 I'll be considered to apply to be regarded

04:57 as an American citizen vice versa with my spouse.

05:01 However, in some countries, there's

05:05 the solution of citizenship in a situation

05:08 of divorce or dissolution of marriage.

05:11 So if the marriage breaks, this citizenship

05:15 that has been given to the individual to the spouse,

05:17 the non-citizen spouse will be rejored or rendered invalid.

05:23 Another way of acquiring citizenship is by adoption.

05:28 Citizenship may be acquired through

05:30 lega adoption, techniques, true lega adoption.

05:34 For example, in some countries like Ghana,

05:37 under the 1992 Constitution of Ghana,

05:40 a child under 16 years of age who's parent are not Ghanaians,

05:45 and is adopted by Ghanaian citizens.

05:47 Shall by virtue of adoption be defined as a Ghanaian citizen.

05:51 What is the saying is, if a citizen is a parent

05:55 or a citizen of Ghana adopts a child irrespective

05:59 of where the child is coming from,

06:02 what that child is under the age of 16,

06:05 the child will be considered as a citizen of Ghana.

06:11 Another way one could acquire citizenship is true fondling.

06:15 One could talk about fondling.

06:16 We're talking about disowned children,

06:18 abandoned children, who their parents abandoned.

06:22 A four little and infant found abandoned

06:25 by whose parents cannot be traced,

06:27 may be considered a co-dead citizenship.

06:30 An example, a child that has been abandoned

06:33 by the parents in a corner of a country or a society or a street

06:38 could be picked up and acquired citizenship

06:41 of that country where the child is found.

06:45 Another way one could acquire citizenship

06:48 is by naturalization, citizenship by naturalization,

06:53 by naturalization, and alien applied to acquire citizenship

06:58 when he or she satisfies the legal requirement

07:02 of the country.

07:04 For example, I happen to be in Nigeria

07:06 and I want to acquire citizenship of the United States.

07:10 I would have to do what meets such a legal requirement

07:14 of the United States and this requirement

07:16 could come in form of period of residence in the country,

07:20 evidence of means of support, good characters, and others.

07:25 Another way one could acquire citizenship

07:27 is honorary guest job.

07:30 Citizenship may be conferred on an alien in recognition

07:33 of remarkable contribution.

07:35 He has made towards the development of the old country.

07:39 For example, a citizen of America comes to reside in Nigeria

07:44 and then makes remarkable developed contribution

07:47 to the development of Nigeria.

07:49 Such a person can be conferred citizenship.

07:52 This is a gesture of hospitality.

07:56 Now we've considered the types of citizenship

07:58 who want to now look at laws and rights of individuals.

08:03 Under laws of individuals, we're looking at three laws.

08:06 These laws are civic law, criminal law, and public law.

08:11 We're looking at these laws briefly.

08:14 Now I want to look at civic law.

08:16 We want to talk about civic law.

08:17 We talk about a law that helps people

08:20 and force their rights.

08:23 It is a law that deals with the rights of citizens.

08:26 It is a part of a country set of laws

08:29 which are consigned with the private affairs of citizens.

08:32 For example, marriage and property ownership.

08:36 Another type of law that I've mentioned

08:39 because it is criminal law.

08:41 From the word criminal, you tend to know that this law

08:44 is directed to crime.

08:47 Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.

08:53 Is the state's out punishment imposed on violators of the law?

08:58 So criminal law are listed as laws or set of punishment

09:01 imposed on anyone found guilty of violating

09:04 any set down law in a country.

09:07 In some text, criminal law could also refer to as penal law.

09:12 So when you come across penal law,

09:13 know that they are referring to a criminal law.

09:17 Now, of course, that criminal law,

09:19 we're looking at public law.

09:22 Public law controls the relationship

09:24 between the arms of government.

09:27 It also controls the relationship between the states

09:29 and the individuals of the state.

09:31 So don't talk about public law.

09:33 It controls the actions of the government.

09:35 It states the functions of the government.

09:37 It states how the government of a country should run

09:41 and also controls the actions or the relationship

09:44 between the government and the citizens.

09:48 How we've considered stereotypes of law

09:50 wants to look at the rights of individuals.

09:53 Want to know what the rights and privileges

09:55 a member of the society is entitled to?

09:59 We'll be taking an example of the Nigerian states.

10:03 According to Section 4 of the Nigerian Constitution,

10:06 Nigerian citizens are entitled to the following rights.

10:10 So this rights we want to be looking at now

10:12 are rights at every Nigerian citizen are entitled to.

10:16 First, we have rights to life.

10:19 As a citizen of Nigeria, you are entitled to rights to life.

10:24 The government have no rights to kill you.

10:26 The government has no rights to execute you.

10:28 Acceptance situation where one is found guilty

10:31 of a particular crime.

10:33 And there has been a laid down law that such a person

10:36 who is found in a guilty of this particular crime

10:39 should be executed.

10:41 Again, right to dignity of a human person.

10:45 As another rights every Nigerian citizen is entitled to.

10:49 Again, we have rights to fair hearing.

10:52 Every citizen of Nigeria is entitled to rights of fair hearing.

10:55 If a person is arrested, the person

10:58 should be rightly put through the reason for being arrested.

11:02 And also, the person should be given the privilege

11:04 to prove innocent.

11:06 Again, right to private and family life.

11:10 Every citizen of Nigeria has the privilege

11:13 to own a family and have their private life.

11:15 That is why in Nigeria you see different types of family.

11:18 We have the nuclear family.

11:20 We have the extended family.

11:21 We have some certain of compound family.

11:24 This is because the rights has been given to members

11:27 of the public to choose whatever type of family

11:31 they want to have.

11:32 Again, right to freedom of conscience and religion.

11:37 In Nigeria, we have basically three religions.

11:40 We have Christianity.

11:41 We have Islam and we have the traditional worshipers.

11:44 And every member of the society has the privilege,

11:48 the freedom to choose whatever religion they want to.

11:52 They also have the privilege to swap religion.

11:54 Today I could decide I want to be a Muslim.

11:57 And I swap from being a Christian to being a Muslim.

12:00 But similar, I could say that I don't want to be a Muslim.

12:02 I want to become a traditional worshiper.

12:04 I could swap from being a Muslim to a traditional worshiper.

12:08 Other rights of citizens, enshrined in the Nigerian Constitution,

12:13 is freedom of expression.

12:15 As in the Nigerian, you have the freedom to express yourself.

12:18 You have the freedom to contribute to matters in the society.

12:23 Again, we have rights to personal liberty.

12:27 The person should not be restricted.

12:28 The person has should be given his personal liberty.

12:33 We have rights to freedom of movement.

12:36 As in the Nigerian, I have the right to freedom of movement.

12:39 I can move freely within the borders of Nigeria.

12:42 I could choose to stay in the North.

12:45 I could choose to relocate to the West.

12:47 I could choose to relocate to the Niger Delta.

12:50 I could choose to stay in the East.

12:52 Wherever it so places me, I can stay because I have the rights.

12:55 I have the privilege to recite or move wherever

12:58 I want to within the borders of Nigeria.

13:02 And we have also rights to own a property anywhere in Nigeria.

13:06 As in the Nigerian, you have freedom to own a property anywhere in Nigeria.

13:10 That's what you see.

13:12 You see members, people who are not a member of a particular ethnic group,

13:17 or a member of a particular state, owning property in that state.

13:22 It is because we have been given this rights.

13:26 They have rights to peaceful assembly and association.

13:29 As in the Nigerian citizen, you have the right to join whatever association.

13:33 You so pleased to have the right to join whatever interest groups that pleases you.

13:37 However, it must be peaceful because any association that is found to be violent in nature

13:43 could be restricted.

13:46 Now, I'll look at the rights of citizens.

13:49 We now want to look at the structure and functions of government.

13:54 Nigeria is a federal state.

13:57 The country has oppressed the federal system of government, and this is known as federalism.

14:03 Federalism is a system of government where all political powers in the state is rightly

14:08 shared between the central government and the units.

14:13 In the case of Nigeria, the central government is the federal government.

14:18 I want to talk about the units or the component government where we find to the state government

14:25 and the local government.

14:28 These three levels of government as the federal government, state government, the local government

14:33 are some called the levels of government, and some texts it could refer to as the tiers

14:39 of government.

14:40 So whenever you come across levels of government or tiers of government, you know that

14:44 referring to the federal government, the state government and the local government as in

14:49 the case of Nigeria.

14:52 The three levels of government and enterprise made up of the executive, the legislative

14:58 and the judiciary, the executive, legislative and the judiciary isn't so known as the arms

15:04 or organs of government that refer to as the arms of government or the organs of government.

15:14 Now, I want to look at these three levels of government.

15:18 I want to start with the federal level of government.

15:21 The federal level of government, like I've earlier mentioned, is the central government and

15:26 it is the highest level of government.

15:30 Officers in this level of government include the president, the vice president, the ministers

15:36 and the whole lot of others.

15:38 Now, I want to look at the state level of government.

15:43 The state level of government is the second level of government in Nigeria.

15:47 Nigeria is made up of six states and each state is added by the governor.

15:56 Now I want to look at the last level of government, which is the local level of government, also

16:00 known as the local government.

16:03 Local government is the third level of government in Nigeria and it is added by a local government

16:09 chairman.

16:10 In Nigeria, we have 776 local government areas, so we know that in Nigeria we have several

16:17 instances local government chairman and this local government brings the government closer

16:22 to the people, giving the people grounds to be able to reach the government, giving people

16:27 across, being able to express and lay their interests or make known of their interests to

16:35 the government.

16:36 Now, we want to look at the levels of government, we want to look at the functions of government.

16:43 First, one of the functions of the government is to depend against external enemies.

16:48 That is where we see the arms of government coming to play.

16:51 We have the army, we have the navy and we have the efforts to depend against external enemies

16:58 and showing that the borders of the country are secured.

17:03 Another function of the government is to manage the economic conditions of the state.

17:08 It is a responsibility of the Nigerian government to manage the economic conditions of Nigeria

17:13 and show that the economic situation of the police has been enacted and that the economy

17:17 has been enacted at once that would allow the citizens to leave.

17:20 That is why over time you see an increase in minimum wage to ensure the citizens are economically

17:27 equipped for their day-in-day activities.

17:31 Again, redistributes shown of income and resources, it is the responsibility of the government

17:37 to redistribute the income and resources and showing that the income and resources get

17:43 to every local government, get to every society, get to every minority group.

17:51 Again, the government is also charged with the responsibility of providing collective

17:56 or public goods.

17:58 Again, another function of the government is to protect the rights of the citizens.

18:04 That is why we have the constitution that has clearly stated the rights or all the rights

18:09 of the citizens of Nigeria and also having needs where the rights of the citizens can be protected.

18:17 Again, it is also if the responsibility to have the function of the government to provide

18:23 basic amenities for the citizens or talk about basic amenities or talking about education.

18:28 Because of you find at least a primary school in every local government in Nigeria, talk

18:34 about it here, talk about good roads, water and a whole lot of others is the responsibility

18:40 of the government to provide his basic amenities.

18:44 Now we've looked at the functions of government when I want to look at nationalism.

18:51 nationalism may be defined as the patriotic activities on the part of people who are enlightened

18:57 in the country to assert their rights in order to participate in the government of their

19:03 country, so as to reserve their political, economic and social interests.

19:10 Nationalism is also be defined as a strong feeling of national consciousness and law for

19:16 one's country to undo its own affairs void of forming control and domination.

19:23 What nationalism is in essence is that is the desire is strong feeling to run one's

19:30 government, to contribute to one's government, to contribute to the development of one's

19:33 country void of external control or intervention.

19:38 We have some examples of the Nigerian nationalists.

19:41 Some of them include Chief of Buffet, Mayor of Volvo.

19:43 We also have Antonio and Nehoro.

19:46 We have Namdae Asikue, we have Abarth Motocoli and we have Amar Dubello.

19:51 We will be looking at this nationalist briefly.

19:54 First we want to consider Dr. Namdae Asikue, on the body to see his picture.

20:01 The Namda Asikue lead from 1910 to 1995 and it was the first president of Nigeria.

20:09 He became a front-line politician and journalist and internationalist.

20:13 He formed the Nigerian youth movement in 1935 and the activities of this party helped

20:20 to influence nationalistic roles in Nigeria before the Second World War, which happened

20:27 from 1939 to 1945.

20:31 Another nationalist we will be looking at is Abarth Motocoli.

20:35 Abarth Motocoli lead from 1864 to 1945 was the founder of the Nigerian national democratic

20:43 party NNGP and this party was founded in 1923.

20:49 It was also known as the father of Nigerian nationalism.

20:53 It was a man of many parts, it was a Nigerian musician, it was also a journalist.

21:00 Again we will see Sir Amar Dubello.

21:03 This picture is here, Sir Amar Dubello lead from 1910 to 1966.

21:08 It was the first prime minister of the Northern region and it was committed to nationalistic

21:14 roles and it was also the politician.

21:19 Now we want to look at Antony and Nahoro and Antony and Nahoro lead from 1923 to 2010.

21:28 It was one of the foremost nationalist and anti-colonialist in Nigeria.

21:33 It has been regarded by academics as the father of the Nigerian state, why?

21:40 Because in 1953, Nahoro moved the motion for Nigeria's independence.

21:47 Now we want to say Chief Abarth Motocoli lead from 1989 to 1987.

21:57 It was one of the Nigerian nationalists and it was passionate about improving the eurobaris.

22:04 It made education in the western region free and compulsory and showing everybody's privilege

22:11 to attain western education.

22:13 Also, this was because it had a conviction that only the educated can push the frontiers

22:20 of civilization.

22:21 Once Onulan wanted to consider Sir Abu Bakat Tafawa Palewa.

22:28 Sir Abu Bakat Tafawa Palewa lead from 1912 to 1966 was a front-legged politician and one

22:35 of the most respected Nigerian nationalists who was the prime minister of an independent

22:41 Nigerian.

22:42 Now look at these nationalists, we want to look at local and civil problem when we have

22:48 overpopulation.

22:50 Overpopulation is a look out and civil problem, it is not just peculiar to the Nigerian state.

22:57 Again, internally displacement or refugees is a result of where people who run from their

23:03 original piece of settlement become displaced, especially young children who cannot be able

23:09 to trace back their origin.

23:12 Another scandal problem is courtism.

23:16 Again, we see religion extremism, you know in Nigeria and even in the world there are diverse

23:23 religion.

23:24 Again, terrorism is another problem that is seriously comforting planet Earth.

23:31 Then we have ethnocentricism.

23:35 We have poverty and we also have drug abuse.

23:39 These are just some of the local and civil problems in the world today.

23:44 We want to lastly look at the nationalistic rules of individuals and groups in Nigeria.

23:51 We also be considering our rules and expectations from nationalists and groups in Nigeria.

23:58 First, they are to draw the attention of the government and other leaders to pressing

24:03 needs and problem of the society.

24:06 It is a spread of nationalists and groups who make known to the government pressing needs

24:12 in the society.

24:14 Again, as a provide solution to prevailing societal and civic problem, it is not just enough

24:20 to make known, make known of these problems in the government, but prefer solution, give

24:25 the government ways to go about ensuring these problems are solved.

24:29 Again, as a result, justice, equity and fair play in the society where everybody has

24:36 either rights fully playing and the right of a person is not being restricted.

24:41 They are also a spread of nationalists and groups in Nigeria, so plan national interests

24:47 are both personal interests, whatever actions any group or nationalists in the industry

24:53 is taking should be at national interest and not personal interest.

24:58 Again, we see opposing implementation of policies and programs that do not have human

25:03 face, when government come up with policies and programs that are anti-human, the spread

25:08 of nationalists and groups to bring the attention of the government to these policies for

25:13 our main demands.

25:14 Again, regular payment of tax, the spread of every citizen of Nigeria, every nationalist

25:20 of Nigeria to pick tax because it is from these tax revenues are raised to run the government.

25:27 Again, preventing any act of sabotage against the society or the country, and lastly, fighting

25:35 corruption in our ramification and spread, these are some of the nationalistic groups,

25:41 a spread of groups and nationalists in Nigeria.

25:44 Now, we've come to the end of today's class.

25:47 I have here two evaluation questions to test your knowledge if you really understood what

25:52 has been taught into this class. First, you are to define nationalism and second, you are

25:58 to list five Nigerian nationalists.

26:03 Thank you for watching. My name is Ebrechung Eze, see you next time.