Advertising in Commerce
This lesson covers the meaning of advertising and its role in business. It explains different types of advertising, the methods used, and the various media involved. The lesson also discusses consumer protection against misleading advertisements.
- 00:00 “Hello, good day, my name is Ms. Lydia and welcome to our Commerce Class today. Today we will be treating topic advertising and at the end of this class, I expect you to be able to state the meaning of advertising, discus...”
- 05:43 “target market segments or a group of people with similar needs. Now, for example, when you see an advert about a book on TV, you know that this is targeted at readers, targeted at students, when you see an advert about h...”
- 07:16 “forms, such as we have the press, we have television, we have radio, we have the cinema, we have hand fliers and handbills, we have billboards, we have catalogues, we have exhibition and trade fliers, these are various m...”
Meaning and Types of Trade
The lesson explains the concept of trade as the buying and selling of goods. It describes the types of trade, including own trade and foreign trade, and outlines the services that facilitate trade. The role of Customs and Excise in foreign trade is also discussed.
- 16:29 “So they are communicating to me that it helps to lower blood pressure. It increases lifespan. So they have communicated to me. What do I need to do? Then I buy. So advertising it's trade. It is also a form of persuasion....”
- 14:56 “Insurance helps to train these children. It is also payments and premium for eventuality. Nobody pays for anything but but for natural disasters or deaths or accidents, insurance is a very good way to help compensate the...”
- 15:41 “they advertise a product. For example, Margarine, what do they do? They want to buy. So they have a target group. They know that young children like to eat bread with butter. So they try to make the advertisements when t...”
Basic Economic Problems
This lesson covers the basic economic problems faced by society, including scarcity and resource allocation. It explains different economic systems such as capitalism, socialism, and mixed economy, and how they address these problems. The role of market forces in regulating the economy is also discu
- 15:10 “get everyone to point to the economically stable, the government is going to create systems that is for people to walk. There's going to be creation of employment opportunities so that everyone can walk an end and income...”
- 15:57 “Now, those resources can go into providing essential service or goods for the people instead of spending it on advertising. Advertising is just one example. There are a lot of things that we spend money on in a capitalis...”
- 27:14 “market and this product is very expensive that no one in that market can buy it, that company is going to run at a loss. So, when producers decide on what they want to produce, they also do their research and find out wh...”
Consumer Rights and Protection
The lesson covers the definition of consumer rights and the importance of detailed information about products. It explains the origin of consumerism and lists the eight universal consumer rights. The lesson also discusses unfair market practices and the role of consumer protection.
- 03:59 “But the seller would be like, "I haven't sold anything for two weeks." So this is my market. I have to sell it. So a consumer has the right to be protected against all of this. And sellers have been taking advantage late...”
- 11:06 “for us. What are examples of consumerism? It is an enabling hack that improves the customer's service. So acquiring products and obsession of shopping. Some consumers just like buying things. They just want to go shoppin...”
- 13:30 “With industrial production, the better for the manufacturer of these products, imagine you sell bags, and then so much demand, I demand of school bags. If the manufacturer does not have access to raw materials of this la...”
Departmental Accounts
This lesson covers the definition and purpose of departmental accounts. It explains how to prepare these accounts to show the performance of different departments in a business. The lesson also discusses the advantages of using departmental accounts for comparison, error detection, and managerial as
- 30:01 “Okay, department A, department B and department C. We are sharing 3,000 NIRA. Remember, that is the value of the expenses. What you can see on the board there. So we are sharing 3,000 NIRA into 3 places. And that will gi...”
- 40:30 “to advertisement, you add everything together, and you deduct from 10,400. It should give you either a net profit or a net loss. Now let's quickly add them together. Let's do those items, delivery expenses, 8,26, plus in...”
- 39:39 “you have solved the question. Then advertisement was shared equally. Remember that other expenses were told to share equally. Advertisement, Admin and general expenses, we shared equally. And the partners received 1000 N...”
Cleaning Agents and Cosmetics Production
This lesson covers the definition and types of cleaning agents, including commercial and homemade varieties. It also discusses the preparation of homemade cleaning agents and cosmetics, along with safety and regulatory aspects related to cosmetic products.
- 22:40 “various industry and whatsoever thing that we are producing in the country because the environment also matters in giving us our products. Some people they will have produced something of good quality in their production...”
- 01:50 “They will ask which type of soap you want to buy. Definitely, they are asking for detergents, but they don't know the difference between the two. But the two are examples of cleaning agents. Now, there are two types of c...”
- 17:00 “We have number one, which is what most people know, which is Navdaq. And it is National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration Control. That is Navdaq. National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration Control. And we...”
Channels of Distribution
This lesson covers the channels through which goods move from producers to consumers. It explains the roles of wholesalers and retailers, the functions of cooperative societies and government agencies in distribution, and identifies problems in distribution along with possible improvements.
- 04:24 “keeping those goods and he gives them out as they are being demanded. That is called warehousing. That is, the practice of storing large amounts of goods in a warehouse or in a large store. Advertisements. He helps in ad...”
- 08:25 “you know in such a way that with effects he will do the wholesaler himself. So he maintains price stability by keeping those goods in the warehouse. Advertising like he is in advertising and advertising the goods to the...”
- 06:02 “in bulk and keeping them in the warehouse he bears risk because if the price falls down as at the time those such goods are still in the warehouse he's the one that will be at the risk of reduction in prices. Branding an...”
Commercial Arithmetic: Profit and Loss
This lesson covers the concepts of profit and loss in commercial arithmetic. Students will learn to identify cost price and selling price, and how to calculate profit or loss these values. The lesson also includes calculating profit or loss in percentage.
- 02:26 “So, the trader goes to the market. The private amount he pays to get the product is called the cost price. Now, the selling price, the price to be the trader sells to the item to the consumer. The trader sells the item t...”
- 00:47 “The objective is able to solve simple commercial arithmetic relating to profits, interest, discount and commission. How do you walk around commercial arithmetic relating to profits, interest, discount and commission? Tha...”
- 29:02 “And multiplied by 100. That's commission received. Or commission percentage is commission received over the values of sales multiplied by the services. Now, these are how you get it. Then, let's pick a question. A salesm...”
Types of Production
This lesson defines production and explains its types, including primary, secondary, and tertiary production. It also discusses the extraction of raw materials and the transformation into finished goods.
- 09:16 “services, we can also divide them into three direct services, an environment to have commercial, direct services are those ones who give you direct service and pay for the services given to you. All right? In direct, tho...”
- 10:09 “house health, still work actors, house health, still work and so on and so forth. We also have people like the judges, the educationists, ambassadors, soldiers, policemen and so on and so forth. Right? We also have peopl...”
- 10:57 “to get those goods to be consumers are either by air, by water or by road, okay? And before those goods will be able to get to the consumer, it may be stored in our warehouse, okay? Until those goods are being needed. An...”
Government Revenue and Expenditure
This lesson covers the classification of government revenue into revenue receipts and capital receipts. It also explains government expenditure, distinguishing between capital and recurrent expenditure. Students will learn how to prepare statements of revenue and expenditure accounts.
- 05:30 “1.00353 NERA, 1.007 sinking of boroughs, 35,000, 2.35 NERA, 1.008 construction of classrooms, 20,000, 7.25. Revenue ads are coded, 2.001, 2.002 while expenditure ads are coded, 1.001, 1.002. You are required to prepare a...”