00:00 Good day, everyone. My name is Mr. Eiffel and I'm your basic science instructor.

00:20 Our lesson for today says energy, objectives, explain the meaning of energy, state and describe

00:32 the sources of energy, name the forms of energy, explain how energy is transformed from

00:40 one form to another, give examples of renewable and non-renewable energy, state the implication

00:50 of misuse of non-renewable energy, describe how energy generation affects quality of life.

01:02 Energy, energy is simply the ability to do work, the ability to perform a particular task.

01:12 However, we are surrounded by different forms of energy from our light bulb down to using

01:21 our appliances, our electrical appliances, the whole use energy. Energy is the amount of force

01:30 of power when applied can move one object from one position to another or energy defines

01:37 the capacity of a system to do work. When you have an object on a table, if it's a ball,

01:46 when you use your arms to push the ball, you have exerted an amount of energy, say force

01:53 to push the ball. Energy exists in everybody, whether they are human being or animals or

02:01 non-living things, so energy can exist both in the human and non-living things, like the

02:09 ball. You have exerted an energy of needs. An example of where energy can be found or

02:18 used is the jets, the lights, our machines, etc. Sources of energy, what are the sources

02:28 of energy? Where energy goes in from? Number one, we have the solar energy. The solar

02:36 is from the sun. Solar power invests the energy of the sun through using a collector panel

02:43 to create conditions that can then be turned into a kind of power.

02:49 You might have seen solar panel in the form of square, on top of some zinks, there are

02:56 solar panel that is used to collect the solar energy from the sun. So there is a collector

03:03 that collects the energy and then it's being transformed into a usable energy in our

03:10 homes to run our appliances, to run our bulb and to do other activities in the house. Large

03:17 solar panel fields are often used in deserts to get enough power to charge small substations

03:25 and many homes use solar systems to provide for all water, cooling and supplement their

03:33 electricity. In deserted areas where there are no source of power, we can use solar

03:38 panel to get electricity and it is being converted into energy to use all our appliances even

03:46 in the house. You can use the water appliances like the electric K2, like the boiling

03:54 ring. They are all appliances that need a form of energy. The issue with solar is that while

04:04 there is plenty full amount of sun available, only certain geographical ranges of the world

04:10 get enough of the direct power of the sun for long enough to generate usable power from

04:17 this source. As much as the solar energy is good, climate conditions can affect solar

04:26 energy. In the sense that some parts of the country for some time may not experience

04:32 the sunshine and as such, they will not be able to collect the solar energy. So this is

04:40 a typical example of the solar panel. There you have some square shaped solar panel that

04:50 is used to collect the energy from the sun and thereby is being converted through an

04:56 inverter in the house to run all our appliances. The next one is the wind energy, goes in from

05:05 the wind. Wind power is becoming more and more common, the new innovation that are allowing

05:12 wind farms to appear and making them in more common sites. We have wind farms just like

05:19 the one in the diagram. This is an example of a wind farm. Where you have the top

05:26 lines that are collecting the wind. As the wind blows, it continues to move and as such energy

05:37 is being shipped and there is a collector that collects the energy. By using large turbines

05:47 to take available wind as the power to tone, the turbine can then tone a generator to produce

05:54 electricity. While this seemed like an ideal solution to many, the reality of the wind farm

06:02 is starting to reveal an unforeseen ecological impact that may not make it an ideal choice.

06:13 The next one is the wave energy. The wave energy is gotten from the ocean when the wave

06:22 begins to blow, then energy is being preserved as such. So the wave energy, wave energy is produced

06:34 from the waves that are produced in the ocean. Wave energy is renewable. When you have a renewable

06:42 energy, you can keep getting it on and on. As long as there is a wavelength in the sea, energy

06:51 is a renewable one. As long as the sea exists and there are wavelength on the sea, you keep

06:59 getting energy. So it is called renewable. Environmental friendly and causes no harm. So the wave energy

07:09 is environmental friendly. It causes no harm. It is good. It can be annexed along coastal

07:17 regions of many countries and can help a country to reduce its dependence on foreign countries

07:23 for what? For the countries that have sea around them that are surrounded by ocean and sea,

07:29 they can use the wavelengths to capture energy and it's going to reduce the process of getting

07:37 petroleum products from other countries. They would not need to depend on other countries for

07:42 means of energy. So they will capitalize on the energy gotten from wave energy.

07:50 Producing good wave energy can damage the marine, can damage the marine ecosystem and can also

07:59 be a source of disturbance to private and commercial vessel. It is highly dependent on wavelength

08:07 and can also be a source of visual and noise pollution. So there are also disadvantage.

08:13 There will always be noise pollution for those that are staying very close to such a place.

08:20 You will also have visual pollution.

08:23 Hydroelectric energy is another one. Hydroelectric energy. This is the type of energy that is

08:35 gotten from dam. We trap the water. What many people are not aware of is that most of the cities and

08:42 towns in the world rely on hydro power. Most countries rely on hydro power. The fact that you have

08:52 electricity, it is as a result of the dams, hydroelectric energy and have to be pass centering.

09:01 So in the past century, it has been the source of the major electricity. Every time you see a major

09:09 dam, it is providing hydro power to an electric station somewhere. Now this is an example of

09:19 a dam having producing hydroelectric energy. So there is a station somewhere where the energy is

09:30 being collected and distributed to the community. Forms of energy. Energy exists in many different

09:41 forms. Example of these are light energy. Your light. When the light shines, it illuminates

09:50 everywhere. And if you go close to the bulb, you will notice that you were feeling it. So it can

09:56 be transformed from light to its energy. You also have its energy. Its energy is the one you use to

10:03 cook your food, boil your food. Mechanical energy, your gravitational energy, you have electrical

10:10 energy. The one you use to do to service your appliances, electrical appliances in the house.

10:17 Your sound energy, your chemical energy, nuclear and atomic energy and so on, name them. These forms

10:24 of energy can be transferred and transformed between one another. So you can transfer this energy

10:31 and you can transform them from one to another. Like I said, the light energy. It illuminates the place

10:38 and if you go close to the bulb, you experience it. This is of immense benefits to us. For its source

10:47 of energy to end up as electricity, it may have got many transformations before it can power

10:54 the light bulb in your house. So having collected the electricity, the energy from the dump,

11:01 it undergoes a lot of transformation before it's sent to the city for you to power in the house.

11:08 Although there are many specific types of energy, the two major forms of energy are kinetic energy

11:15 and potential energy. The two major forms of energy are kinetic energy and potential energy.

11:23 From the word kinetic energy, it means moving. It means moving and from the word potential it means

11:32 stable. Kinetic energy is energy in moving objects or mass. An example is the wind energy.

11:43 So any energy that is gotten when there is a motion is called kinetic energy.

11:51 The molecules of gas within the air are moving giving them kinetic energy.

11:59 So basically, kinetic energy is gotten from motion.

12:04 Potential energy is any form of energy that has stored potential that can be put to

12:15 your future use, storing it in a stable place. From the diagram you can see that the water is stable.

12:25 For example, water stored in a dump for hydroelectric generation is a form of potential energy.

12:34 When valves are open, this is where the valves are. When these valves are open, the force of gravity

12:46 costs water to begin to flow. Then water begins to flow from that valve. The potential energy of

12:53 the water is converted to kinetic energy. The water being stable as a potential energy is then

13:01 converted into kinetic energy. The moving time. The flowing water can turn its turbine,

13:08 which will further convert the kinetic energy of the water into usable mechanical energy.

13:15 An alternative or generator then converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.

13:23 Your generator, the ones you use in the house, is what it produces is an electrical energy.

13:34 But there is a mechanical energy first. Then it has a source of converting it to electrical energy

13:43 and sent through the wire to the house. Then you can use it. Your generator is an example of

13:51 mechanical energy to an electric energy. This electric city is then sent to electric car grid

13:59 and to our homes where it is converted into light energy. Light and television, they begin to work.

14:05 The sound energy you can hear from this television. Its energy is said that before. Mechanical energy,

14:11 fridge and air condition and so on. Uses of energy. The solar energy helps plant to manufacture their

14:19 food. The process is known as photosynthesis. Where the plants produce their nutrients through the

14:27 air of sunlight. So the sunlight helps give the plant energy. Number two, sun is the source of light

14:34 during the day. When it is sunning, every way is illuminated. Number three,

14:41 each energy that is generated by sunlight is used to dry up our wet clothes. We can use it to dry

14:47 our wet clothes. That's the importance of the solar energy. It's energy that is produced by

14:55 firewood is used to roast and preserve some of our food. Like the roasted plantain is called

15:02 Bolly, the fish Ejaillon, then the roasted yam is called Issue Sisu. So we use the its energy

15:12 from our firewood to preserve these things. Each energy that is produced by electric ion is used

15:19 to press our clothes. Electrical energy is used to power on our pumping machine at home so that we

15:26 can have water in our flats. Electrical power is used to power on our air condition, our TVs,

15:35 chemical energy is a source of petrol and it is used by our cars to move from point A to point B.

15:43 Batteries in reduced convert electrical power to sound energy. So these are various uses of energy.

15:55 Now what are the forms of energy conversion? The forms that you can convert energy. Mechanica

16:04 energy can be transformed to eat energy. Electrical energy can be transformed to mechanical energy.

16:12 For example our blender, the blender in the house, you need electricity to power it and then it gives

16:21 a mechanical energy by blending the two metals. Electrical energy can be transformed to eat energy.

16:29 For example you are pressing an ion. It is an electrical energy and then it produces the

16:35 heat energy for you to press your ion. Mechanica energy can be transformed to electrical energy.

16:45 Chemical energy can be transformed to eat energy. For example your carousine stove.

16:49 The carousine is made out of chemicals so when you put it in the stove it gives you heat,

16:56 you light it up, it gives you heat energy. Solar energy can be transformed to eat energy.

17:01 The song gives you heat. Light energy can be transformed to eat energy like the Bob. Go close

17:07 to the Bob. You feel it. Now what are renewable energy? Renewable energy is the energy which is

17:13 generated from natural sources. EG, song, wind, rain, tide. They are all natural source of

17:21 generating energy. As long as the song exists you keep getting energy on and on. As long as the

17:29 wind exists you keep getting energy on and on. They are available in plenty and by far the most

17:36 cleanest source of energy. They are the most cleanest source. They are not contaminated.

17:41 Examples include energy that we receive from the song can be used to generate electricity

17:46 similarly energy from wind, geothermal, biomass from plants, tides can be used to fulfill

17:54 our daily energy demands. Now non-renewable energy. Non-renewable energy is the energy which

18:04 is taken from the source that are available on the head in limited quantities and will vanish

18:12 50 to 60 years from now. Non-renewable energy are energy that cannot be renewable. For instance,

18:20 you are fuel. Once you use your fuel you cannot get the energy back. But for song, song comes today

18:27 gives you light energy, gives you heat energy and it comes tomorrow again. It is what? Renewable.

18:34 Non-renewable source and not environmental friendly. They are not environmental friendly and can

18:40 have serious effect on our health. They are called non-renewable because they cannot be regenerated

18:46 with a short span of time. Non-renewable source is existing in the form of fossil fuels, natural gas,

18:53 oil and coal. When you use your gas, you have used it, it's gone. There's no form of renewables.

18:59 Misses of non-renewable energy. How do you miss use those non-renewable energy? The certification

19:09 wood from trees in the forest used for cooking can lead to deforestation, where you cut down the wood

19:15 as a form of fuel for firewood. When you keep doing that, when you keep doing that and you don't

19:23 replace it, you are misusing them in balance to nature and ecological problems. It's going to

19:30 cause imbalance to nature and environmental pollution. You get environmental pollution. On

19:39 timely drying up of the resources, they begin to dry off the resources in a large quantity begins

19:47 to reduce fossil fuel like petrol are highly inflammable, that can cause media fire outbreak.

19:56 Even when transporting crude oil in the ocean, if it spills, it can spill into the ocean and then

20:02 causes the animals to die. Energy generation has affected the quality of life in many weeks.

20:10 How has it affected the quality of life? Number one, many self-employed individuals

20:17 depend on electricity for their daily activities like the addresses, they need electricity,

20:22 the tailors, the welders, to weld the hion together, they need electricity. So it has affected the

20:29 quality of life. Number two, the cost of production is increased in some complaints when electricity

20:37 is poor. When the electricity of a place is poor, the industries will increase the cost of production,

20:45 they will increase the cost of buying those things because they are using their own form of energy

20:52 and notes the general type. Without electricity, radiant television may not be operated in some homes

20:59 and thereby you will not have access to information. You will be deformed. Without electricity,

21:06 the refrigerator will not work. You won't get your food items preserved. The non-renewable

21:14 sources of energy that we are using are limited and are bound to expire one day. All the non-renewable

21:22 energy are bound to expire one day. Like it has been said, 50 to 60 years from now, those forms of

21:28 energy would have gone to extinction. Energy and society, economic security is impacted by energy

21:37 choices. Individuals and society continually make energy choices that have economic consequences.

21:44 Now for transportation, can have negative consequences to the health,

21:49 environment and the economics of the society. Relying on imported energy can create vulnerability

21:57 to emissions security when you rely on a country's energy. You can be vulnerable to that country

22:05 in terms of security. The impact of energy decisions are not equal for all people.

22:11 Poor marginalized societies are more likely to suffer negative consequences of energy

22:17 decisions because they have a reduced capacity for adaptation and they may lack negotiation power

22:23 compared to the wealthy nation. However, vulnerable populations can also benefit greatly from

22:29 improvement in energy, accessibility, safety and affordability. The world is strongly

22:36 dependent on energy from financial supplies of fossil fuel. Like I said earlier, we depend on

22:41 fossil fuel and the petroleum. As demand increases and supply becomes scarce, the problem becomes more

22:47 acute. When these things are scarce, the problem becomes more acute. There will be eye competition.

22:55 The consequence comes in the form of monetary cost in general and in the form of price,

23:01 fluctuation and instability specifically. When we cannot get enough of this energy, the monetary

23:10 cost will increase. The people will be hungry, starvation will settle due to poor transportation

23:17 in their country. When there is no fossil fuel, when there is no fuel to be starvation and there will be poor

23:25 transportation. Travelling, especially to over three countries, it will not be easy because of

23:32 lack of aviation fuel. Aviation fuel is another important one. The cost of traveling will increase.

23:38 Transportation of goods and services will be very hard for lack of petrol and disease.

23:45 Solar energy can be used during the day, during the daytime and not during the night

23:51 for raining season. When the rain is falling, you cannot get the solar energy.

23:56 Renewable sources have low carbon emission. Therefore, they are considered as green and

24:04 environmental friendly. Renewable energy is from natural resources. They are environmental friendly.

24:12 No arm. Renewable energy helps in stimulating the economy and creating job opportunities.

24:20 Renewable sources can count less than consuming the local electrical supply.

24:25 In the long run, the prices of electricity are expected to soar since they are based on the

24:32 prices of crude oil. So, renewable sources can cause your electrical bills. Renewable sources,

24:38 for instance, are fossil fuel. Petroleum in Nigeria keeps increasing day by day, day by day.

24:48 Various tax incentives in the form of tax rivers, credit deductions are available

24:54 for individuals and businesses who want to go drain. It is not easy to set up a plant

25:00 as the initial costs are quite steep. Solar energy can be used during the day,

25:06 time and not during the night or rainy season. So, when we have a large amount of rain for,

25:13 the song will not be present for you to capture energy. Hydroelectric power provides pure form of

25:19 energy, but building dams across the river, which is quite expensive, can affect natural flow

25:26 and affect wildlife. So, when using a dam, it's very expensive. It can also affect the wildlife.

25:32 Evaluation. You have to explain the meaning of energy. State's three sources of energy and

25:40 describe two of them and states four forms of energy. Explain the energy transfer in the following,

25:47 striking a march stick, kicking the ball, and boiling water. Then states four uses of energy.

25:56 Explain the meaning of renewable and non-renewable energy. Give three examples each of renewable

26:03 and non-renewable energy. Then, finally, state's three reasons for careful use of coal or petroleum

26:10 products, the state's three ways through which lack of energy supply affects societal developments.

26:18 Thank you for watching. I am Mr. Ifei. Till next time.